hazard



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

B. R. HAZARD.

RAILWAY CARRIAGE) Patented Aug 30, 1887.

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

R. R. HAZARD.

RAILWAY CARRIAGE.

Patented Aug.30, 1887.

N. PETERS. Phnmulhn m hqr, )Nnhingion. D. C.

To all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROWLAND ROBINSON HAZARD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

RAILWAY-CARRIAGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 368,917, dated August30, 1887.

Application filed July 26, 1884. Serial No.138,833. (No model.)

Be it known that I, ROWLAND ROBINSON HAZARD, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Railway Carriages, fullydescribed and represented in the following specification andaccompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

One object that I have in view is the construction of such carriages insuch manner and of such materials that, in the event of fracture fromcollision, the materials of which it is composed shall not becomedetached frag.

ments, missiles, or projectiles calculated to inflict injury topassengers.

Another object is to reduce the resonance induced by the rapid passageof such carriages through a tunnel or confined space, and to combine ina railway-carriage these tough and non-resonant characteristics.

I accomplish the above objects by the improved construction hereinafterdescribed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof, Figures 1 and 2represent horizontal cross-sections on line 00 of Fig. 3 of parts of theframe of the carriage constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig.3 is a side elevation of a railway-carriage illustrating my invention.Fig. 4 is a view of the compound non-resonant fabric, partly broken awayto show its construction. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of Fig. 4.

In an underground, tubular, or viaduct railway structure, resonanceoccasioned by the passage of trains constitutes a serious and under someconditions a prohibitory objecttion.

I have invented a non-resonant tunnel, tube, or viaduct for which anapplication for Letters Patent has been filed. This invention iscomplementary to that, the carriage herein described being preferablyused in said tunnel, tube, or viaduct. Vhen arailway-car breaks up inconsequence of collision, the. parts are detached, becoming flyingmissiles projected into contact with passengers or bystanders or underpassing trains, and numerous fatal and other injuries are inflicted.

The frame of my'carriage consists of sill, cornice, posts, fioorand roofbeams, and

braces, constituting a skeleton, (one method of construction being shownin the drawings,) which may be made in any form or arrangement of partsof mild steel or other suitable strong, elastic, and tough metal. Thevertical posts a, the horizontal beams b d f, and the floor-beams areconstructed of angle-iron or steel, in order to secure the greatestpossible strength and stiffness. The said posts and beams are braced bythe diagonal braces g. This skeleton frame-work, firmly bolted togetheras hereinafter described, is exceedingly strong and stiff, and is notliable to become impaired by the shocks to which railway-carriages arefrequently subjected. This framework is covered on the outside andinside, or either, with an elastic, tough, non-resonant material,(indicated by O in the drawings,) consisting'of woven fabric, grating,lattice, or crimp of metal overlaid on one or both sides with flax,ootrum, esparto, asbestus, or any suitable vegetable, or mineral fiber,with oxidized or solidified vegetable oil, rubber, guttapercha, orequivalent material, formed into panels, sheets, or plates by hydraulicor other pressure, and applied to said frame by clamping-bars, bolts,screws, or otherwise, to form the walls, floor, roofs, or either or an yof them, substantially as shown.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 50f the drawings, h designates the woven fabricor grating of metal, andi the fiber applied thereto. This fiber istreated with oil or equivalent material, as before described, and thewhole is subjected to hydraulic or other pressure, so that the fiber maybecome thoroughly united to the Woven fabric of metal and the completedarticle constitute a compound fabric. This material fulfills all theconditions required by my invention, but is not here claimed, but isclaimed in another application filed July 26, 1884, Serial N 0. 138,857.

Wood, glass, and other material readily reduced to fragments bycollision are preferably omitted from carriages constructed inaccordance with my invention.

For continuous tunnel service windows are omitted, and incandescencepreferably provided as a meansof lighting.

The term non-fracturable is used in the specification and claims in arelative sense,

and as properly applicable to any strong,

elastic, and tough metal; and by the expression compound fabric is to beunderstood a fabric consisting of metal and fiber thoroughly 5 united,as described.

1 am aware that it has been proposed to construct the frame of arailway-car of thin sheets of metal riveted together like boilerplates,and to cover the same on both sides with rubber or gutta-percha; also,that the frame of a car has been constructed of interlacing metallicstrips covered on the inside and outside with rubber or gutta-percha;also, that the frame of a car has been constructed of horizontal bars ofangle and vertical posts of grooved iron, and that a lattice-work ofiron wire has been secured to such frame, said lattice-work beingcovered with felt and said felt covered with oil-cloth or paintedcanvas, as set forth in English Patent No. 2,779 of 1856, and to theseseveral constructions I lay no claim; but

What I claim isl. A railway-carriage consisting of a skele- 25 tonframe-work of non-fracturable material 'of vertical posts, horizontalbeams, and diagonal braces of iron or steel, having its sides unprovidedwith windows, and covered by a compound fabric composed of woven metalcombined with asuitable fiber and a vegetable oil or equivalent,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

ROWLAND ROBINSON HAZARD.

Witnesses:

J. H. CARNIFF, W. H. SHUEY.

